300 Series Stainless Steel Spring Wire
ASTM A313
The most common grade for spring making is Type 302 Spring wire. Other grades commonly stocked are Type 304 and Type 316. Wire is most commonly used for spring making where corrosion resistance is of a high priority.
Available in bright, soap and nickel finishes
Chemical Requirments
ASTM A313
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
Stainless Steel Austenitic Grades
| UNS# | Type | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S30200 | 302 | 0.12 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.01 | 8.0-9.5 | 0.10 | |
| S30400 | 304 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | 0.10 | |
| S31600 | 316 | 0.07 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.5-18.0 | 10.5-13.5 | 2.0-2.5 | 0.10 |
Stainless Steel Age-Hardenable Grades
| uns# | type | c | mn | p | s | si | cr | ni | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S17700 | 631 | 0.09 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0-18.0 | 6.5-7.8 | AI 0.75-1.5 |
Tensile Requirements for Types 302 class I and 304
ASTM A313
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
| Diameter (inch) |
bend test
min number if bends |
Tensile Strength
ksi min |
tensile strength
ksi max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 0.009, incl | N/A | 325 | 355 |
| Over 0.009 to 0.010, incl | N/A | 320 | 350 |
| Over 0.010 to 0.011, incl | N/A | 318 | 348 |
| Over 0.011 to 0.012, incl | N/A | 316 | 346 |
| Over 0.012 to 0.013, incl | N/A | 324 | 344 |
| Over 0.013 to 0.014, incl | N/A | 312 | 342 |
| Over 0.014 to 0.015, incl | N/A | 310 | 340 |
| Over 0.015 to 0.016, incl | N/A | 308 | 338 |
| Over 0.016 to 0.017, incl | N/A | 306 | 336 |
| Over 0.017 to 0.018, incl | N/A | 304 | 334 |
| Over 0.018 to 0.020, incl | N/A | 300 | 330 |
| Over 0.020 to 0.022, incl | N/A | 296 | 326 |
| Over 0.022 to 0.024, incl | N/A | 292 | 322 |
| Over 0.024 to 0.026, incl | 8 | 291 | 320 |
| Over 0.026 to 0.028, incl | 8 | 289 | 318 |
| Over 0.028 to 0.031, incl | 8 | 285 | 315 |
| Over 0.031 to 0.034, incl | 8 | 282 | 310 |
| Over 0.034 to 0.037, incl | 8 | 280 | 308 |
| Over 0.037 to 0.041, incl | 8 | 275 | 304 |
| Over 0.041 to 0.045, incl | 8 | 272 | 300 |
| Over 0.045 to 0.050, incl | 8 | 267 | 295 |
| Over 0.050 to 0.054, incl | 8 | 265 | 293 |
| Over 0.054 to 0.058, incl | 7 | 261 | 289 |
| Over 0.058 to 0.063, incl | 7 | 258 | 285 |
| Over 0.063 to 0.070, incl | 7 | 252 | 281 |
| Over 0.070 to 0.075, incl | 7 | 250 | 278 |
| Over 0.075 to 0.080, incl | 7 | 246 | 275 |
| Over 0.080 to 0.087, incl | 7 | 242 | 271 |
| Over 0.087 to 0.095, incl | 7 | 238 | 268 |
| Over 0.095 to 0.105, incl | 5 | 232 | 262 |
| Over 0.105 to 0.115, incl | 5 | 227 | 257 |
| Over 0.115 to 0.125, incl | 5 | 222 | 253 |
| Over 0.125 to 0.135, incl | 3 | 217 | 248 |
| Over 0.135 to 0.148, incl | 3 | 210 | 241 |
| Over 0.148 to 0.162, incl | 3 | 205 | 235 |
| Over 0.162 to 0.177, incl | 3 | 198 | 228 |
| Over 0.177 to 0.192, incl | 1 | 194 | 225 |
| Over 0.192 to 0.207, incl | 1 | 188 | 220 |
| Over 0.207 to 0.225, incl | 1 | 182 | 214 |
| Over 0.225 to 0.250, incl | 1 | 175 | 205 |
| Over 0.250 to 0.278, incl | 1 | 168 | 198 |
| Over 0.278 to 0.306, incl | 1 | 161 | 192 |
| Over 0.306 to 0.331, incl | 1 | 155 | 186 |
| Over 0.331 to 0.362, incl | 1 | 150 | 180 |
| Over 0.362 to 0.394, incl | 1 | 145 | 175 |
| Over 0.394 to 0.438, incl | 1 | 140 | 170 |
| Over 0.438 to 0.500, incl | 1 | 135 | 165 |
| Over 0.500 | 130 | 160 |
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90% of the value listed in table.
Tensile Requirements for Type 316
ASTM A313
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
| Diameter (Inch) |
Bend Test
Min number of bends |
tensile strength
ksi min |
tensile strength
ksi max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 0.010, incl | N/A | 245 | 275 |
| Over 0.010 to 0.015, incl | N/A | 240 | 270 |
| Over 0.015 to 0.024, incl | N/A | 235 | 265 |
| Over 0.024 to 0.041, incl | 8 | 235 | 265 |
| Over 0.041 to 0.047, incl | 8 | 230 | 260 |
| Over 0.047 to 0.054, incl | 8 | 225 | 255 |
| Over 0.054 to 0.062, incl | 7 | 220 | 250 |
| Over 0.062 to 0.072, incl | 7 | 215 | 245 |
| Over 0.072 to 0.080, incl | 7 | 210 | 240 |
| Over 0.080 to 0.092, incl | 7 | 205 | 235 |
| Over 0.092 to 0.105, incl | 5 | 200 | 230 |
| Over 0.105 to 0.120, incl | 5 | 195 | 225 |
| Over 0.120 to 0.148, incl | 3 | 185 | 215 |
| Over 0.148 to 0.166, incl | 3 | 180 | 210 |
| Over 0.166 to 0.177, incl | 3 | 170 | 200 |
| Over 0.177 to 0.207, incl | 1 | 160 | 190 |
| Over 0.207 to 0.225, incl | 1 | 155 | 185 |
| Over 0.225 to 0.250, incl | 1 | 150 | 180 |
| Over 0.250 to 0.312, incl | 1 | 140 | 170 |
| Over 0.312 to 0.375, incl | 1 | 135 | 165 |
| Over 0.375 to 0.500, incl | 130 | 160 | |
| Over 0.500 | 125 | 155 |
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90% of the value listed in table.
Tensile Requirements for Type 631, Condition CH – 900
ASTM A313
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Spring Wire
| Diameter (Inch) |
Cold Drawn
Condition C KSI nominal |
Tensile Strength
KSI Min |
Tensile Strength
KSI Max |
|---|---|---|---|
| Over 0.010 to 0.015, incl | 295 | 335 | 365 |
| Over 0.015 to 0.020, incl | 290 | 330 | 360 |
| Over 0.020 to 0.029, incl | 285 | 325 | 355 |
| Over 0.029 to 0.041, incl | 275 | 320 | 350 |
| Over 0.041 to 0.051, incl | 270 | 310 | 340 |
| Over 0.051 to 0.061, incl | 265 | 305 | 335 |
| Over 0.061 to 0.071, incl | 257 | 297 | 327 |
| Over 0.071 to 0.086, incl | 255 | 292 | 322 |
| Over 0.086 to 0.090, incl | 245 | 282 | 312 |
| Over 0.090 to 0.100, incl | 242 | 279 | 309 |
| Over 0.100 to 0.106, incl | 238 | 274 | 304 |
| Over 0.106 to 0.130, incl | 236 | 272 | 302 |
| Over 0.130 to 0.138, incl | 230 | 260 | 290 |
| Over 0.138 to 0.146, incl | 228 | 258 | 288 |
| Over 0.146 to 0.162, incl | 226 | 256 | 286 |
| Over 0.162 to 0.180, incl | 224 | 254 | 284 |
| Over 0.180 to 0.207, incl | 222 | 252 | 282 |
| Over 0.207 to 0.225, incl | 218 | 248 | 278 |
| Over 0.225 to 0.306, incl | 213 | 242 | 272 |
| Over 0.306 to 0.440, incl | 207 | 235 | 265 |
| Over 0.440 to 0.625, incl | 203 | 230 | 260 |
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90% of the value listed in table.
Product Analysis Tolerances
ASTM A555
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Ro
| Element | Upper Limit or Maximum of Specified Range, % |
Tolerances over the maximum (upper limit) or
under the minimum (lower limit) |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) |
To 0.010, incl
Over 0.010 to 0.030, incl Over 0.030 to 0.20, incl Over 0.20 to 0.60, incl Over 0.60 to 1.20, incl |
0.002
0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 |
| Manganese (Mn) |
To 1.00, incl
Over 1.00 to 3.00, incl Over 3.00 to 6.00, incl Over 6.00 to 10.00, incl Over 10.00 to 15.00, incl Over 15.00 to 20.00, incl |
0.03
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.15 |
| Phosphorus (P) |
To 0.040, incl
Over 0.040 to 0.20, incl |
0.005
0.010 |
| Sulfer (S) |
To 0.040, incl
Over 0.040 to 0.20, incl Over 0.20 to 0.50, incl |
0.005
0.010 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si) |
To 1.00, incl
Over 1.00 to 3.00, incl |
0.05
0.10 |
| Chromium (Cr) |
Over 4.00 to 10.00, incl
Over 10.00 to 15.00, incl Over 15.00 to 20.00, incl Over 20.00 to 30.00, incl |
0.10
0.15 0.20 0.25 |
| Nickel (Ni) |
To 1.00, incl
Over 1.00 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 10.00, incl Over 10.00 to 20.00, incl Over 20.00 to 30.00, incl Over 30.00 to 40.00, incl Over 40.00 |
0.03
0.07 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) |
Over 0.20 to 0.60, incl
Over 0.60 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 7.00, incl Over 7.00 to 15.00, incl Over 15.00 to 30.00, incl |
0.30
0.50 0.10 0.15 0.20 |
| Titanium (Ti) |
To 1.00, incl
Over 1.00 to 3.00, incl Over 3.00 |
0.05
0.07 0.10 |
| Cobalt (Co) |
Over 0.05 to 0.50, incl
Over 0.50 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 10.00, incl Over 10.00 to 15.00, incl Over 15.00 to 22.00, incl Over 22.00 to 30.00, incl |
0.01
0.02 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 |
|
Columbium (Cb)
+ Tantalum |
To 1.50, incl
Over 1.50 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 |
0.05
0.10 0.15 |
| Tantalum (Ta) | To 0.10, incl | 0.02 |
| Copper (Cu) |
To 0.50, incl
Over 0.50 to 1.00, incl Over 1.00 to 3.00, incl Over 3.00 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 10.00, incl |
0.03
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 |
| Aluminum (Al) |
To 0.15, incl
Over 0.15 to 0.50, incl Over 0.50 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 10.00, incl |
-0.005
+0.01 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.35 |
| Nitrogen (N) |
To 0.02, incl
Over 0.02 to 0.19, incl Over 0.19 to 0.25, incl Over 0.25 to 0.35, incl Over 0.35 to 0.45, incl |
0.005
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 |
| Tungsten (W) |
To 1.00, incl
Over 1.00 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 10.00, incl Over 10.00 to 20.00, incl |
0.03
0.05 0.07 0.10 0.15 |
| Vanadium (V) |
To 0.50, incl
Over 0.50 to 1.50, incl |
0.03
0.05 |
| Selenium (Se) | all | 0.03 |
Permissible Variations in Diameter and Out-of-Round for Round Wire
ASTM A555
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
| Specified Diameter (Inch) | Over | Under |
|---|---|---|
| 1.00 and Over | 0.0025 | 0.0025 |
| Under 1.00 to 0.500 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Under 0.500 to 0.3125, incl | 0.0015 | 0.0015 |
| Under 0.3125 to 0.0440, incl | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Under 0.0440 to 0.0330, incl | 0.0008 | 0.0008 |
| Under 0.0330 to 0.0240, incl | 0.0005 | 0.0005 |
| Under 0.0240 to 0.0120, incl | 0.0004 | 0.0004 |
| Under 0.0120 to 0.0080, incl | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| Under 0.0080 to 0.0048, incl | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
| Under 0.0048 to 0.0030, incl | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
Chemical Requirements (Composition, %)
ASTM A580
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
Stainless Steel Authentic Grades
| UNS# | Type | C, max | mn, max | p, max | s, max | si, max | cr | ni | mo | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S30200 | 302 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 8.0-10.0 | 0.10max | |
| S30215 | 302B | 0.15 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 2.00-3.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 8.0-10.0 | ||
| S30400 | 304 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-10.5 | 0.10max | |
| S30403 | 204L | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0-12.0 | 0.10max | |
| S31600 | 316 | 0.08 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.10max |
| S31603 | 316L | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.10max |
Stainless Steel Ferritic Grades
| UNS# | Type | C, max | mn, max | p, max | s, max | si, max | cr | ni | mo | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S43000 | 430 | 0.12 | 1.00 | o.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 16.0-18.0 | 0.10max |
Maximum unless range is shown.
For some applications, the substitution of Type 304L for Type 304 or Type 316L for Type 316 may be undesirable because of design, fabrication or service requirements.
Mechanical Test Requirements
ASTM A580
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire
Austenitic Grades
| UNS# | type | condition | Final Operation | Tensile Strength, min. (KSI) | Yield Strength, min. (KSI) |
Elongation in Length 4x Gage Diameter of
Test Specimens, min, % |
Reduction of Area, min, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
S30200
S30215 S30400 S31600 |
302
302B 304 316 |
A | Cold Finished | 90 | 45 | 30 | 40 |
|
S30200
S30215 S30400 S31600 |
302
302B 304 316 |
A | Annealed | 75 | 30 | 35 | 50 |
|
S30403
S31603 |
304L
316L |
A | Cold Finished | 90 | 45 | 30 | 40 |
|
S30403
S31603 |
04L 316L | A | Annealed | 70 | 25 | 35 | 50 |
Ferritic Grades
| UNS# | type | condition | Final Operation | Tensile Strength, min. (KSI) | Yield Strength, min. (KSI) |
Elongation in Length 4x Gage Diameter of
Test Specimens, min, % |
Reduction of Area, min, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43000 | 430 | A | Cold Finished | 70 | 40 | 16 | 45 |
| 43000 | 430 | A | Annealed | 70 | 40 | 20 | 45 |
Minimum unless otherwise noted.